What term refers to the head of a Roman family holding legal power over descendants?

The term that refers to the head of a Roman family who holds legal power over descendants is "paterfamilias." In ancient Rome, the paterfamilias was the male head of the household and had significant authority, including control over property, family members, and even the power of life and death in certain circumstances. This position was central to the Roman family structure and legal system, influencing the rights and duties of family members.

The other options do not accurately reflect this specific role. "Agus" does not relate to Roman family structures and appears to be a misrepresentation or confusion with other terminology. "Senex" generally translates to "old man" and is used in literature to represent age, wisdom, or authority but does not specifically denote familial or legal power. "Patrona" typically refers to a female guardian or protectress and does not apply to the legal and familial authority exercised by a paterfamilias. Thus, the term "paterfamilias" is indeed correct, highlighting the father's crucial role in the governance of the family unit in Roman society.