What is the role of the umbo on a shield?

The umbo is the central boss or protrusion found on certain types of shields, particularly those used in ancient warfare, such as Roman scutum or Greek aspis. Its primary function is protection. By having a raised center, the umbo serves to deflect blows from weapons, thereby offering more safety to the user. This feature helps to absorb and distribute the impact of attacks, making it an essential part of the shield's defensive capabilities.

In addition to its protective role, the umbo can also stabilize the structure of the shield, adding rigidity. However, its main purpose remains focused on enhancing the user's defense during combat situations.