What is the primary purpose of a pilum?

The primary purpose of a pilum was to be used as a throwing weapon by Roman soldiers, specifically the legions. This spear-like javelin was designed to be thrown at the enemy before the soldier engaged in close combat. The construction of the pilum allowed it to penetrate enemy shields and armor, creating an advantage in battle. Often, it would be designed to bend upon impact, preventing the enemy from throwing it back.

The options regarding serving as a shield, representing leadership, or functioning as a ceremonial blade do not accurately correspond to the pilum's known historical uses. The pilum’s efficacy as a projectile was crucial to Roman military tactics, where the initial throw could disrupt enemy formations and create openings for the infantry to follow up with their gladius for combat.